Prey abundance and habitat use by migratory shorebirds at coastal stopover sites in Connecticut

نویسندگان

  • J. S. Placyk
  • B. A. Harrington
چکیده

Stopover areas are vital for the successful migration of many species of shorebirds, as they, in part, allow individuals to deposit large quantities of fat needed to fuel their northward and southward journeys. While much research has focused on bird migration, few studies closely examine the environmental characteristics of specific stopover areas. For our study, we conducted prey availability surveys and documented shorebird habitat use during northward summer migration for three historically important stopover areas along the Connecticut Long Island Sound coastline in 2000. Coastal Connecticut provides important habitat not only for shorebirds migrating from northern Canada to South America, but also for resident breeding shorebirds (e.g., oystercatchers, plovers, and sandpipers). Our prey availability surveys indicate that all three stopover sites were characterized by some combination of polychaete worms, crustaceans, and mollusks. Polychaete worms of the family Neredidae were the most common prey item at two of the three sites. In addition, the site frequented by the greatest densities of shorebirds also had the greatest density of nereid worms and the greatest diversity of invertebrates. In terms of habitat use, our results indicate that foraging densities tended to be highest on intertidal habitats that were sheltered from coastal wave action and where densities of benthic (burrowing) and epifaunal (surface-dwelling) prey tended to be high. However, some shorebird species, including one breeding resident, the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) and one migrant, the Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), both of special management concern, favored foraging on beach-front habitats. In contrast to foraging habitat preferences, shorebirds roosting at high tidal phases showed strong preferences for beach habitats fronting the Long Island Sound. The use of beach-front habitats for both foraging and roosting poses a challenging situation for beach managers. SINOPSIS. Abundancia de preśas y uso de habitat por playeros migratorios en una parada costanera de Connecticut Las áreas de paradas (stopover) son de vital importancia para el éxito migratorio de muchas especies de playeros (Charadriiformes) ya que las mismas permiten que los individuos se recargen con la cantidad de grasas que estos necesitan, como combustible, en sus viajes o jornadas hacia el norte o hacia el sur. Aunque mucha investigación se ha enfocado en la migración de las aves, muy pocos estudios han examinado las caracterı́sticas ambientales de paradas especı́ficas. Durante el 2000, determinamos la disponibilidad de presas y documentamos el uso del habitat por parte de los playeros durante su migración veraniega hacia el norte en tres importantes e históricos lugares de paradas a lo largo de la lı́nea costera de Connecticut. El área costera de Connecticut provee habitat importante no tan solo para los playeros que vienen migrando desde el norte de Canada, sino además para los playeros residentes (ej., ostreros, chorlos y playeritos). Nuestro estudio de disponibilidad de presas indica que los tres lugares de parada se caracterizan por la presencia de poliquetos, crustáceos y moluscos. La presa mas común en las tres localidades fueron guzanos de la familia Neredidae. Además la localidad más frecuentad y con mayor densidad de aves, tambien fue la que contenı́a la mayor cantidad de guzanos y la mayor diversidad de invertebrados. En téminos de uso de habitat, nuestros resultados indican que las densidades de forrajeo tienden a ser mayor en habitats intertidales que están protegidos de las mareas, y en donde la densidad de presas tanto bénticas (que se entierran) como epifaunales (que se encuentran en la superficie) tiende a ser mayor o más alta. Sin embargo, algunos playeros, incluyendo a uno residente (el ostrero) y un migratotio (Arenaria interpres) ambas especies con especial preocupación de manejo, favorecen habitats de frentes de playas. En contraste a preferencias en el habitat de forrajeo, los playeros que pernoctaron durante las fases de marea alta, mostraron preferencias por habitats de playas de frente a Long Island Sound. El uso de frentes de playa para actividades de forrajeo como para pernoctar, presentan una situación de reto para los manejadores de playas.

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تاریخ انتشار 2004